More optimistic takes on expert systems in administrative law

The article by Danielle Citron of course highlighted some of the failures of expert system use in administrative law, such as awarding social benefits.
These two papers describe a somewhat different experience in the Netherlands. Although some problems are acknowledged and the author believes many bureaucrats have too much faith in such systems, the overall tone seems more optimistic.

The concluding paragraph of the article, by Marga Groothuis and Jörgen S. Svensson is as follows:

"Since the problem of juridically correct decision making under great pressure is a
more general phenomenon in public administration, and since the use of expert systems is now becoming more popular, these findings should be generalised. Although expert
systems may indeed support decision making, they will never provide full proof solutions and they will always be limited in their functionality. When the limits of such systems are not clear to the administrative bodies and to the individual users, there is the risk of overreliance. It is a further argument in favour of the view that people who use artificial systems should be made aware of the possibilities and the limits of these tools.[15] Administrative bodies too, should probably take additional measures to keep control over decision quality in fields which are not covered by such computer programmes."

The complete article is here.